Engineers who specialize in air conditioning and climate design have conducted research and established standards for ideal conditions based on the uses of different spaces over the years. Mechanical engineers are typically responsible for designing and selecting the equipment and energy delivery systems that will be constructed by the construction team. Once a system has been constructed, the final step is to ensure that energy is correctly routed within the constructed environment, and that all equipment functions as intended because any deviation in how a system has been constructed vs how it was designed, even slight deviations, can cause a system to become unbalanced. Engineers typically design to a certain range of parameters. However, these requirements can shift over time, such as needing more air in a room due to added computers or printers, or having to make up for inadequate insulation that results in an increased need for cooling. As a result, engineers must design with enough leeway to anticipate and compensate for any unexpected issues over the life of the building.

The testing and balancing (TAB) of an HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) system is a necessary final step to guarantee that the designed system and the workmanship of contractors meets requirements. The cost for HVAC testing and balancing is usually just a fraction of the entire cost of the system or, more importantly, its operational cost. Would you buy a car without having it tested and adjusted at the factory? The construction process can be likened to building a custom car in the field with many hands involved.

Test and Balance (TAB) is a process of measuring, adjusting, and verifying HVAC systems to ensure they are functioning effectively and efficiently. It involves testing and adjusting the air and water flow, pressure, temperature, and humidity of HVAC systems to ensure they are operating as per the design requirements.

The test and balance process is typically carried out by certified professionals and involves using specialized equipment such as airflow hoods, anemometers, pressure gauges, thermometers, and hygrometers to measure and adjust the HVAC systems. The TAB process includes several steps such as visual inspection, functional testing, measuring airflow rates, adjusting system components, and documenting the results. It involves checking the air pressure and temperature in each room, as well as checking for air flow at the registers and returns.

The ultimate goal of Test and Balance is to achieve optimal performance of the HVAC system, which includes reducing energy consumption, increasing indoor comfort, and prolonging the lifespan of the equipment. The process is essential for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of HVAC systems and is often required by building codes and industry standards.